https://www.politico.eu/article/us-donald-trump-tariff-war-hurt-boeing-more-airbus/
唐纳德·特朗普的关税战本应预示着一个新的美国梦，但它可能成为波音的噩梦，波音遭受的损失可能比其竞争对手空客更大。
周二，华盛顿对来自加拿大和墨西哥的进口产品征收 25% 的关税，并对来自中国的商品征收 20% 的关税——这三个是美国最大的贸易伙伴。他们正在采取反制措施。白宫迅速撤回了对汽车的关税，随后推迟了对符合美墨加协议免税条款的所有其他来自加拿大和墨西哥的商品征收关税，但许多关税仍然有效。
严重依赖国际供应链的航空业将受到冲击，但波音将比空客更难转嫁任何价格上涨，而且还有可能失去快速增长的中国市场。
安特卫普大学航空运输经济学家沃特·德沃夫说，“波音很可能会吸收这些额外的材料成本，从而导致生产费用增加，每架飞机的利润率下降。”
关税使波音的麻烦不断增加，包括安全问题和罢工，导致该公司在 2024 年每月损失近 10 亿美元。
对飞机制造商来说更糟糕的是，特朗普宣布了一项对欧盟商品征收 25% 关税的计划，他表示欧盟的成立就是为了“压垮美国”。
他还威胁要对铝和钢征收关税，这些都是关键的飞机部件。
“作为回应，欧洲可能会采取报复措施，导致波音飞机在欧洲等主要市场的价格变得更加昂贵。”
空客还将获得部分关税豁免，因为其在阿拉巴马州、密西西比州和佛罗里达州设有工厂，而波音公司不在欧盟生产。
过去一周，波音股价下跌了 6.5%，而空客股价上涨了 3%。
Donald Trump’s tariff wars are supposed to herald a new American dream but they could become a nightmare for Boeing, which is in danger of suffering more than its rival Airbus.
On Tuesday, Washington hit imports from Canada and Mexico with a 25 percent tariff, as well as a 20 percent fee on goods from China — the three largest United States trading partners. They are retaliating with countermeasures. The White House quickly backtracked on cars and subsequently delayed tariffs on all other goods from Canada and Mexico that comply with the duty-free terms of the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, but many of the tariffs are still in place.
The aviation sector, which relies heavily on international supply chains, will be hurt, but Boeing will have a harder time passing on any price increases than Airbus, and also risks losing out in the fast-growing Chinese market.
“Boeing is likely to absorb these additional material costs, leading to higher production expenses and reduced profit margins per aircraft,” said Wouter Dewulf, an air transport economist at the University of Antwerp.
The tariffs add to Boeing’s growing list of troubles, including safety problems and strikes that saw the company to lose nearly $1 billion a month in 2024.
Even worse for the plane-makers, Trump has announced a plan to impose a 25 percent tariff on goods from the European Union, which he says was formed “to screw the United States.”
He has also threatened to set tariffs on aluminum and steel — crucial aircraft components.
But “in response, Europe would likely retaliate, making Boeing aircraft even more expensive in key markets like Europe.”
Airbus would also be partially sheltered from tariffs because it has facilities in Alabama, Mississippi and Florida; Boeing does not manufacture in the EU.
In the last week, Boeing’s share price has fallen by 6.5 percent, while Airbus’ has risen by 3 percent.
