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https://newatlas.com/biology/trees-knowledge-eclipse/
一项卓越的研究开启了对树木之间神秘交流和知识共享方式的新理解——与许多动物物种一样，年龄的智慧在其中发挥着至关重要的作用。
来自澳大利亚南十字星大学和意大利理工学院的国际科学家团队首次记录了多洛米蒂山脉科斯塔博切森林中桦树利用生物电信号为日食做准备的具体方式。较老的树木首先发出这些信息，表明它们已经学会了有关环境事件的知识。
南十字星大学的莫妮卡·加利亚诺教授说，“这项研究表明，我们观察到的预期和同步反应是理解森林如何交流和适应的关键，揭示了植物行为复杂性的新层面。基本上，我们正在观察著名的‘木质万维网’的运作！”
植物，尤其是树木，的通讯一直是一个难以捉摸的研究领域，因为传统的观察方法难以察觉到这些信号。然而，所有生物体都拥有一套电生理系统——类似于基因组中DNA和基因表达的电生理通讯通路。
由于所有生物体——从病毒到顶级捕食者——都受生存驱动，这套电生理系统似乎正是这片遍布森林的桦树（云杉）网络通知邻居们为环境破坏做好准备的方式。更重要的是，它不是被动的，而是主动的，信号活动会在日食发生前数小时发生。
研究团队利用一个低功率传感器网络测量这些生物电脉冲，并设置传感器同步记录这些不可见的信号。他们发现，这些活动不仅在日食发生前几小时发生了变化，而且随着“消息”的传播，所有树木都开始同步。而且，最先发出这一信息的，是那些安装了传感器的老树。
印度理工学院的亚历山德罗·奇奥莱里奥教授说，“通过应用先进的分析方法——包括复杂性测量和量子场论——我们发现了一种更深层次、此前未被认识到的动态同步，它并非基于树木间的物质交换。现在，我们不再将森林视为个体的集合，而是将其视为由相位相关植物组成的交响乐团。”
Remarkable research has unlocked new understanding of the mysterious ways trees communicate and share knowledge with each other – and much like in many animal species, the wisdom of age plays a vital role.
An international team of scientists from Australia’s Southern Cross University (SCU) and the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT) have for the first time recorded the specific ways birch trees in the Costa Bocche forest in the Dolomites use bioelectrical signals to prepare for solar eclipses. And older trees send out these messages first, suggesting learned knowledge of environmental events.
“This study illustrates the anticipatory and synchronized responses we observed are key to understanding how forests communicate and adapt, revealing a new layer of complexity in plant behaviour,” said Professor Monica Gagliano from SCU. “Basically, we are watching the famous ‘wood wide web’ in action!”
Plant, and especially tree, communication has been an elusive field of study, because of how little is perceptible by traditional methods of observation. However, all living organisms have an electrome system – the electrical communication pathways akin to what the genome is for DNA and genetic expression.
And because all organisms are driven by survival – from viruses to apex predators – this electrome system appears to be the way this forest-wide network of birch trees (Picea abies) inform their neighbors to prepare for an environmental disruption. What’s more, it’s not reactive but proactive, with signal activity happening hours in advance of an eclipse.
The team measured these bioelectrical pulses with a network of low-power sensors set to simultaneously record these invisible signals. They found that activity not only changed several hours before the solar eclipse, but the trees all began to sync up as “word” got around. And the message was sent out first by the older trees they’d attached sensors to.
“By applying advanced analytical methods – including complexity measures and quantum field theory –we have uncovered a deeper, previously unrecognized dynamic synchronization not based on matter exchanges among trees,” said Professor Alessandro Chiolerio of the IIT. “We now see the forest not as a mere collection of individuals, but as an orchestra of phase correlated plants.”
